Quantum Communication

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In the contemporary world, the internet has revolutionised communication technology. With a click of a button, you can talk to people anywhere in the world. For the current age, this is an ideal way of communication, and its efficiency can only be improved with better bandwidth speeds like 5G. However, as humans tend towards colonising planets in our solar system, the distance travelled by information will be so large that a single text message may take minutes to send with our current technology.

Current communications are based on electromagnetic waves. These waves transfer information at a maximum speed of 299,792 kilometres per second. The Earth’s equatorial circumference is around 40,000 km, leading to a communication time of milliseconds. However, the distance between Earth and Mars is around 66,000,000 kilometres, making the communications time consuming (approximately 220 seconds on a good orbital path). As humans expand further than mars, the time taken to transmit a bit of information may end up being in the hours.

This is problematic, but the solution is known. In quantum field theory, there is a concept called entanglement. This is a somewhat “spooky force” as two fundamental particles like photons, when entangled, communicate with each other instantly, with no medium, regardless of the distance between the particles. When the path difference of oscillation of one particle is changed, the other's one also changes in a similar fashion, leading to instantaneous communication.

With this principle in mind, if entangled photons are placed on Earth and on another planet, it is theoretically possible to have instantaneous communication. Interesting don’t you think?

References:

Image: https://www.technologyreview.com/2019/02/14/103409/what-is-quantum-communications/

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